1. Vitamins are small organic molecules minerals are small inorganic molecules. Both are water soluble, but vitamins are also fat soluble.
2. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules, leftover natural metabolic processes or come from environment causes damage to DNA that causes cancer.
3. Animal proteins from meat contain all essential fatty acids can’t be synthesized by cells it must come from a diet. Two families’ omega 3 & omega 6. Biological processes not store energy.
4. Hydrogenation= unsaturated fats + hydrogen gas with pressure makes saturated fats.
5. Bacteria- both a domain name and synonymously with “Prokaryotes” bacteria are archaea.
6. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosome’s
7. Net movement of molecules from concentration to lower concentration until it reaches equilibrium.
Osmosis- diffusion of water
Active transport- cells maintain concentration gradient it requires energy(ATP)
8. Across plasma membrane of prokaryotic cell- mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
9. DNA- prokaryotic cells are linear or circular, its contained in nuclear region (nucleoid) Eukaryotic cells- are always linear contained in nucleus, chromatin when relaxed chromosomes when condensed (super coiled)
Ribosome’s- 70 in prokaryotic 80 in eukaryotic
10. Proteins- humans manufacture 12 of 20 amino acids to build proteins
Ribosome’s- builds proteins from encoded instructions in DNA
Lipids- fats, cholesterol, essential fatty acids
11. Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor- mediated endocytosis
12. Centrioles, cilia and flagella- Eukaryotic cells
13. It’s a concept that mitochondria and chloroplasts are the result of years of evolution initiated by the endocytosis of bacteria and blue-green algae, instead of being digested, it became symbiotic
It has its own DNA which resembles bacterial DNA
It has 70 of its own ribosomes and produces its own proteins
Double membrane indicates they entered cell via endocytosis
Membrane composition strongly resembles Gram-negative bacteria
Divides within eukaryotic cell via binary fission
Similar symbolic relationships exist between organisms that are still distinct species from one another
14. They both contain DNA, are membrane-bound organelles located in the cytoplasm of cells, they are both involved in the production of energy, and they are found in eukaryotic cells
They differ by ATP is synthesized only in mitochondria
15. Peroxisomes are organelles that contain oxidative enzymes, they convert hydrogen peroxide into water
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, fuse with vacuoles containing food
16. Bacterial DNA is a circular double strand, while eukaryotic DNA is a linear (sometimes super-coiled) double strand. In fact, many eukaryotes have more than one of these double-stranded DNA fragments, known as chromosomes.
17. Fimbria and conjugation pili
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