Practice Questions Ch. 2

Practice Questions Chapter 2

1. Endergonic absorbs chemical reactions, Exergonic gives off energy.

2. Protons-11, Electrons-10, and Valence electrons-9

3. Ionic bonds- forms when electrons are transferred between charged atoms.

Covalent bond- atoms that share electrons.

Hydrogen bond- a weak chemical bond, partially hydrogen atom that’s attracted to a partially negative atom.

Strongest- Ionic bond Weakest- Hydrogen bond

4. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates-disaccharides 2 rings joined together, polysaccharides-sugar monomers

Proteins-enzymes, amino acids

Lipids-phospholipids

Nucleic acids-nucleotides

5. Carbon

6. Hydrogen bonds

7. It creates barriers and stores energy.

8. Double bonds between carbon atoms.

9. Silicon is much like an element like carbon, but it would fall apart in contact with water though. It would work better with a silicon-oxygen backbone to the molecule. Oxidizers burn food to produce carbon dioxide and reducers uses carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

10. Different sugars in the backbone, RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, RNA single strand band, DNA double strand band.

11. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Urcacil

12. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

A G C

n__c___n c____n c

13. The reactive group characteristic causes the areas of protein to come together or goes against one another.

14. Primary structure- linear amino acid sequence.

Secondary structure- folding into helices and beta sheets

Tertiary structure- the overall way the protein folds

Quaternary structure-how multiple subunits of a protein come together

15. They communicate to one another causing conformational changes and transmits a signal cascade.

16. It wouldn’t allow it to bind together.

17. It places stress on the bond and it would break.

18. The enzymatic action is highly specific because only specific substrates of enzyme bind to the activation center of that enzyme.

19. A protease is an enzyme that conducts proteolysis, which begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds then links the amino acids together in the polypeptide chain to form a protein.